Probenecid (Benemid)
Purpose of Medication and Method of Action
Probenecid is used to treat gout which is an arthritic condition characterized by an accumulation of excess uric acid in the blood. It is also used to increase the blood level of certain drugs such as penicillin. In the case of gout, it acts by blocking the reabsorption of uric acid by the kidneys. For penicillin, probenecid prevents the secretion of penicillin by the kidney tubules. This secretion is responsible in large part for the removal of penicillin from the body.
Side Effects
The most common side effects are: nausea, loss of appetite, and a skin rash. Rarely, hemolytic anemia in individuals who are G-6-PD deficient may occur.
Drug Interactions
The use of salicylates (aspirin) counteracts (antagonizes) the effect of probenecid on uric acid. Probenecid may prevent the excretion of certain antidiabetic drugs such as tolinase and result in an unusual decrease in blood sugar. Similarly, the excretion of methotrexate (Mtx) may be reduced with subsequent increases in blood levels of Mtx and increased toxicity.
Cautions and Contraindications
Not to be used in presence of kidney stones. Do not use during acute attack of gout.
Usual Dose
For gout, 2000 mg (4 tablets) daily in divided doses. For antibiotic potentiation 1 Gm.
Patient Medication Information
These information sheets do not list all known side effects of the medications, only the most common side effects. For a complete list of side effects please contact your local pharmacy or the actual drug manufacturing company.