Lithium (Lithobid)
Purpose of Medication and Method of Action
Lithium is indicated for the treatment of manic episodes associated with manic-depressive illnesses. The mechanism of action is unknown but an alteration of sodium transport in neuronal cells is believed to be the basis for its activity.
Side Effects
The use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors used to treat hypertension should not be used with lithium. Lithium used with carbamazepine (Tegretol) may increase central nervous system side effects of both drugs. Acetazolamide (Diamox) and theophylline preparations will lower serum lithium levels and decrease effectivness. The use of calcium channel blocking agents such as verapamil or nifedapine and the antidepressant fluoxitine (Prozac) with lithium can increase lithium neurotoxicity.
Drug Interactions
The use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors used to treat hypertension should not be used with lithium. Lithium used with carbamazepine (Tegretol) may increase central nervous system side effects of both drugs. Acetazolamide (Diamox) and theophylline preparations will lower serum lithium levels and decrease effectivness. The use of calcium channel blocking agents such as verapamil or nifedapine and the antidepressant fluoxitine (Prozac) with lithium can increase lithium neurotoxicity.
Cautions and Contraindications
Lithium may produce toxicity in newborns if breast-fed by mothers taking this drug. Kidney function should be assessed periodically in all patients.
Usual Dose
The usual dose is 1800 mg/day in divided doses.
Patient Medication Information
These information sheets do not list all known side effects of the medications, only the most common side effects. For a complete list of side effects please contact your local pharmacy or the actual drug manufacturing company.