Glucophage (Metformin)
Purpose of Medication and Method of Action
Glucophage is an oral hypoglycemic agent which lowers blood glucose. It is primarily indicated for Type II diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes (maturity onset diabetes). It acts by decreasing liver production of glucose, reducing glucose absorption from the intestine, and improved the sensitivity of cells to insulin.
Side Effects
The most common side effects are: diarrhea, bloating, flatulence, and nausea. These are usually self-limiting. The most significant side effect is lactic acidosis (increased lactic acid in the blood). Although there is a very low incidence of this side effect it may be fatal. It is characterized by generalized weakness, muscle pain, drowsiness, and low temperature. Should any of preceeding symptoms of lactic acidosis occur, contact your physician immediately.
Drug Interactions
Furosemide and cimetadine (Tagemet) added to therapy may increase blood levels of Glucophage and make hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) more likely.
Cautions and Contraindications
As Glucophage is eliminated from the body by kidney secretion, impaired kidney function will require dose adjustment downward. Glucophage must be discontinued 48 hr prior to any radiographic studies of the kidney.
Usual Dose
Initially, 500 mg two times a day increasing as needed. The dose should not exceed 2550 mg daily. Take in two divided doses with food.
Patient Medication Information
These information sheets do not list all known side effects of the medications, only the most common side effects. For a complete list of side effects please contact your local pharmacy or the actual drug manufacturing company.