Captopril (Capoten)
Purpose of Medication and Method of Action
Captopril is indicated for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. It appears to act by suppressing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Suppression of that system results in decreased accumulation of sodium in the body and of the property of angiotensin to constrict blood vessels. The net result of less sodium retention and less vasocontriction is a lowering of blood pressure and less resistance that the heart must push against in the normal pumping of blood.
Side Effects
Side effects are relatively infrequent. The most serious are: the appearance of protein in the urine (1%), an itchy rash (4-7%), loss of taste perception (2-4%). The loss of taste perception will slowly diminish over a 3-4 month period. Although very rare there is a possibility of a severe allergic reaction called angiodema, which can result in swelling to the face, lips, legs, and occasionally, the membranes of the throat producing difficulty in breathing.
Drug Interactions
As an increase in potassium may occur supplemental potassium or the use of triamterene is not recommended. Concomitant use naprosan, ibuprofen, and aspirin may decrease the effectiveness of Captopril. Captopril may increase the blood level of lithium and require the dose of lithium to be adjusted downward.
Cautions and Contraindications
With the initial therapy blood pressure may be lowered to point where one could experience dizziness upon arising. Should that occur, do not get up rapidly but allow at least 1 minute between moving from the sitting position to standing.
Usual Dose
25-150 mg two times a day one hour before meals.
Patient Medication Information
These information sheets do not list all known side effects of the medications, only the most common side effects. For a complete list of side effects please contact your local pharmacy or the actual drug manufacturing company.